How amoeboids self-organize into a fruiting body:
multicellular coordination in Dictyostelium discoideum

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 98:3879-3883 (2001)

ATHANASIUS F. M. MARÉE AND PAULIEN HOGEWEG

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Utrecht,
Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

The following movies belong to the above mentioned manuscript. Click on the pictures to view MPEG movies of the dynamics corresponding to the figures in the paper. We have made small and large movies, so that you can choose the most convenient ones, depending on the download speed of your network.

Figure 1: Time sequence of a simulation of the process of culmination. The cell types are Prespore (green), Prestalk O (red), Prestalk A (blue), Stalk (cyan), Pathfinder (magenta), Slime (yellow), and Stalk tube (grey).

        Small MPEG-1 movie of Figure 1 (376 kB) (376 kB)         Large MPEG-1 movie of Figure 1 (4618 kB) (4618 kB)


Figure 2 (top row): Detailed view of the stalk elongation during the simulation of Fig. 1. The cell types are Prespore (green), Prestalk O (red), Stalk (cyan), Pathfinder (magenta), Slime (yellow), and Stalk tube (grey). Light bands indicate the regions of chemotactic motion towards cAMP.

        Small MPEG-1 movie of Figure 2 (top row) (912 kB) (912 kB)         Large MPEG-1 movie of Figure 2 (top row) (4691 kB) (4691 kB)

Figure 2 (bottom row): Detailed view of the stalk elongation during the simulation of Fig. 1. Pressure differences are shown, indicated by the mean cell volume of individual cells, averaged over five samples at intervals of 2 sec. Volumes are indicated by a color gradient from dark red (small volume) to bright yellow (large volume).

        Small MPEG-1 movie of Figure 2 (bottom row) (1148 kB)(1148 kB)         Large MPEG-1 movie of Figure 2 (bottom row) (4691 kB)(4691 kB)


Figure 3: Restoration of the direction of stalk elongation. Initially, the stalk tip is bent 90 degrees.

        Small MPEG-1 movie of Figure 3 (355 kB) (355 kB)         Large MPEG-1 movie of Figure 3 (4222 kB) (4222 kB)


Figure 4a: Two culminants orienting away from each other due to NH3 production. The NH3 distribution is shown, indicated by a color gradient from dark red (low concentration) to bright yellow (high concentration), with blue bands of iso-concentration.

        Small MPEG-1 movie of Figure 4a (1029 kB) (1029 kB)         Large MPEG-1 movie of Figure 4a (4228 kB) (4228 kB)

Figure 4b,c: Two culminants orienting away from each other due to NH3 production. The cell types are Prespore (green), Prestalk O (red), Prestalk A (blue), Stalk (cyan), Pathfinder (magenta), Slime (yellow), and Stalk tube (grey). Light bands indicate the cAMP waves.

        Small MPEG-1 movie of Figure 4b,c (485 kB) (485 kB)         Large MPEG-1 movie of Figure 4b,c (4180 kB) (4180 kB)